Wednesday, June 6, 2012

Reflexive Pronoun

What is a reflexive pronoun? You use it when the subject and the object of the sentence are the same.


Example: Caroline introduced herself.

In this sentence, Caroline is the subject and the object at the same time. But of course, we don't repeat Caroline, we use "herself" instead.

Singular
myself
yourself
himself / herself / itself

Plural
ourselves
yourselves
themselves

More examples:
I really enjoyed myself at the party.
Why did we do that? We were asking ourselves.
If you'd like some more orange juice, help yourself.

reflexive pronoun

Emphasis

You can also use a myself, herself, etc. when you'd like to emphasize that the subject(s) did the action and nobody else.


I made this beautiful pot myself. (nobody helped me, it was all my work)

By Myself, By Yourself, etc.

Another way you may use "myself", "themselves", etc. is to mean "alone". But in this case you have to add "by" too. Therefore you'll get "by myself", "by themselves", etc.


Do you live by yourself?
I'm not going to see that movie by myself.

Pronunciation

When you say "myself", "ourselves", etc., stress the "self" part. So this is how you pronounce them:


myself /maɪˈself/
yourself /jərˈself/
himself /hɪmˈself/
herself /hɝːˈself/
itself /ɪtˈself/
ourselves /ˌaʊɚˈselvz/
yourselves /jərˈselvz/
themselves /ðəmˈselvz/

Verbs Used Without Them

There are some verbs after which you'd use "myself", "ourselves", etc. But not in English. You normally don't use a reflexive pronoun after the following verbs:


concentrate
dress
feel
meet
relax
shave
wash

Reflexive vs. Reciprocal Pronouns

Remember that they are not the same. Reciprocal pronouns are: each other, one another. You use a reciprocal pronoun when two or more of the subjects do something the same way towards the other(s).


Lucy and John don't love each other anymore. (reciprocal)
If you want others to like you, you must learn to love yourself first. (reflexive)

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